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Children’s allergic diseases: the nose and sinuses CHILDREN’S ALLERGIC DISEASES: THE NOSE AND SINUSES
The nose cleans the air on its way to the lungs by trapping particles that may be suspended in it and by expelling them with mucus in a sneeze. Some particles may remain in the nose and cause a non-seasonal allergy called perennial allergic rhinitis.
Perennial Rhinitis
This comes about when allergenic particles of dust, feathers, animal dander, or wool dissolve in the mucus of the nose and cause stuffiness, sneezing, itching in the palate, throat, and ears, rubbing of the nose, nose wrinkling, mouth breathing, sniffling, a nasal twang, and dark shadows under the eyes. (Many conditions besides allergy may cause a stuffed nose, such as hypothyroidism, abuse of nose drops, viral infections, foreign bodies in the nose, a deviated septum, or abnormal sensitivity to quick changes in temperature, altitude, and stress.)
Treatment of perennial rhinitis is through desensitization, diet, and environmental control.
The drugs to use in treatment are antihistamines and ephedrine, taken by mouth or in nose drops and sprays. However, the use of such drops and sprays should be limited to two weeks, because longer periods of use may irritate the mucosa of the nose and result in bad closure of the nostrils.
To give nose drops to a baby, hold the infant's head as far back as possible with the left hand (keeping the right arm quiet). Put the drops in each nostril every three to four hours. For nursing infants, the drops have to be put in fifteen minutes before feeding time.
For older children, let the head of the child hang downwards off a bed. While he is in this position, turn his head to the right and put the drops in his left nostril. Leave him in this position for ten or fifteen seconds, then turn his head to the left, put the drops in his right nostril, and again leave him in this position for ten to fifteen seconds.
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